China Perspective Issues
Sébastien Billioud
Confucianism, "cultural tradition" and official discourses in China at the start of the new century
This article explores the reference to traditional culture and Confucianism in official discourses at the start of the new century. It shows the complexity and the ambiguity of the phenomenon and attempts to analyze it within the broader framework of society's evolving relation to culture.
Lijiao: The Return of Ceremonies Honouring Confucius in Mainland China
Part of a larger project on the revival of Confucianism in Mainland China, this article explores the case of the Confucius ceremonies performed at the end of September each year in the city of Qufu, Shandong Province. In order to put things into perspective, it first traces the history of the cult at different periods of time. This is followed by a factual description of the events taking place during the so-called “Confucius festival,” which provides insight into the complexity of the issue and the variety of situations encountered. The contrast between the authorities and minjian Confucian revivalists, as well as their necessary interactions, ultimately illustrates the complex use and abuse of Confucius in post-Maoist China.
Yoshiko Ashiwa and David L. Wank (eds), Making Religion, Making the, State. The Politics of Religion in Modern China
Kwong-loi Shun, David B. Wong (eds.), Confucian Ethics, A Comparative Study of Self, Autonomy and Community, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004, 228 pp
Jiaohua: The Confucian Revival in China as an Educative Project
This article explores the rediscovery of "Confucianism" in mainland China in the field of education, understood in the broad sense of training dispensed to others and self-cultivation. It begins by examining the general context of the phenomenon and then analyzes how it is currently taking form and becoming institutionalized. On such a basis, it becomes possible to better understand one of its main features its paradoxical anti-intellectualism.
Térence Billeter, L'Empereur jaune, Paris, Les Indes savantes, 2007, 549 pp.
John Makeham, Lost Soul, Confucianism in Contemporary Chinese Academic Discourse
The Contemporary Revival of Confucianism: Anshen liming or the Religious Dimension of Confucianism
Since the beginning of the century, the resurgence in Mainland China of what is referred to as “Confucianism” has included a “religious” dimension. The term “religious” is here used to characterise a variety of explorations where the quest for “inner peace” also echoes a concern for individual or collective destiny ( anshen liming). In order to understand these phenomena better, this article first examines an individual story that provides insight into what a Confucian religious experience may be today. This example is then placed within the context of shifting categories (religion, philosophy, science) once accepted as self-evident but now being questioned by elites and other groups in society. Finally, to give a sense of various explicit projects oriented towards achieving recognition of Confucianism as an official and institutionalised religion, the article analyses three such efforts seeking to institute Confucianism either as a “religion on par with other official religions,” as the “state religion,” or as “civil religion.”